Displays at the site share the history of the battle, including the massacre on Black troops. gray. He first saw action during the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas), and later in the Battle of Savage's Station, Battle for Maryland Heights and Battle of Antietam, during which time many of his closest friends from Kershaw County were killed. While I think the slavery was certainly a significant catalyst (along with tariffs & internal improvements) for the war, once started the Southern objective was simple: obtain independence in a national liberation struggle. Throughout the war, the Confederacy raised the equivalent of 1,010 regiments in all branches, including militias, versus 2,050 regiments for the U.S. Edit Search New Search. The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (18611865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the institution of slavery. [43] After U.S. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, some Confederate soldiers welcomed the move, as they believed it would strengthen pro-slavery sentiment in the Confederacy, and thus lead to greater enlistment of soldiers in the Confederate army. Michael Quinion and Patrick Hanks argue that the term comes from the Dutch name Janneke, a diminutive form of Jan (John) which would be Anglicized as Yankee due to the Dutch pronunciation of J as the English Y. Supplementing the Confederate army were the various state militias of the Confederacy: Control and operation of the Confederate army were administered by the Confederate States War Department, which was established by the Confederate Provisional Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. General Kershaw later stated that he observed Kirkland for more than an hour and a half. Download Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. An accurate count of the total number of individuals who served in the Confederate Army is not possible due to incomplete and destroyed Confederate records; estimates of the number of individual Confederate soldiers are between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. Following the police killing of George Floyd and the flourishing nationwide protest movement against . "[53], Some soldiers also deserted from ideological motivations. According to historian James M. McPherson in 1994, "no black soldiers fought in the Confederate army, unless they were passing as white. Their zeal for the Confederate cause, however, began to evaporate when they found that neither arms nor pay had been arranged for them. Do not sell or share my personal information. Author Neil Schmitz has examined the deep unease Twain felt about losing his honor, his fear of facing death as a soldier, and his rejection of a Southern identity as a professional author. To avoid postponing recognition for their valor, those nominated for the awards had their names placed on a Roll of Honor, which would be read at the first dress parade after its receipt and be published in at least one newspaper in each state. Ninety-one percent of Confederate soldiers were native-born white men and only nine percent were foreign-born white men, Irishmen being the largest group with others including Germans, French, Mexicans, and British. The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865 Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. "[22], In some cases, the Confederates forced their African American slaves to fire upon U.S. soldiers at gunpoint,[91][92] such as at the First Battle of Bull Run. Corporal of the Artillery division of the Confederate Army, Confederate mortar crew at Warrington, Florida in 1861, across from Fort Pickens, Confederate artillery at Charleston Harbor, 1863, Lt Col. E. V. Nash, 4th Georgia Infantry Doles-Cook Brigade, who was killed in 1864. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. Confederate guerrillas were called Four regiments usually formed a brigade, although as the number of soldiers in many regiments became greatly reduced, especially later in the war, more than four were often assigned to a brigade. Help with grammar, French, SAT Writing, the TOEFL and ESL. The last name, Johnnies, is said to have originated in a quarrel between two pickets, which began by the Union mans saying that the Confederates depended on England to get them out of their scrapeThe Union mansaid that a Reb was no better than a Johnny Bull, anyhowThe name stuck, and in the last part of the war the Confederate soldiers were almost universally called Johnnies., Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the War of the Rebellion. Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called rebels.. They were paid in Confederate currency. formerly, a volunteer force of soldiers. South: Also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States of America, or (by Northerners) the Rebel states, the South incorporated the states that seceded from the United States of America to form their own nation. Estimates of enlistments throughout the war range from 1,227,890 to 1,406,180.[60]. "[94] African American slave labor was used in a wide variety of logistical support roles for the Confederacy, from infrastructure and mining, to teamster and medical roles such as hospital attendants and nurses. At that time they were considered Traitors to the Union. And Maryland's nickname "Old Line" refers to the steadfast Maryland troops from the era of the American Revolution. Ten companies were organized into an infantry regiment, which theoretically had 1,000 men. Historian James M. McPherson says: Confederate and Union soldiers interpreted the heritage of 1776 in opposite ways. Your email address will not be published. Factmonster is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. The abstracts made from the original records were carefully checked to ensure that the abstracts were accurate.. Co. Collection This was the highest rate of desertion of any Confederate state. Search the history of over 797 billion [81], In exchange, the Cherokee would furnish ten companies of mounted men, and allow the construction of military posts and roads within the Cherokee Nation. Nicknames for U.S. As early as November 1864, some Confederates knew that the chance of securing victory against the U.S. was slim. Last modified on Tue 28 Feb 2023 01.43 EST. William Holland Thomas, the adopted white son of the chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, recruited hundreds of Cherokees for the Confederate army, particularly for Thomas' Legion. Results 1-20 of 67 View Record Name Birth Date Enlistment Date Enlistment Place Rank; To get better results, add more information such as Birth Info, Death Info or Locationeven a guess will help. The manual used by doctors in the CSA. [81][83] During the Civil War, 28,693 Native Americans served in the U.S. and Confederate armies, participating in battles such as Pea Ridge, Second Manassas, Antietam, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in Federal assaults on Petersburg. Under the commands of Robert E. Lee and Samuel Cooper, soldiers of the Confederacy lived by the Motto "Deo Vindice" (God will vindicate us). [81] The Cherokee were guaranteed protection, rations of food, livestock, tools, and other goods, as well as a delegate to the Confederate Congress at Richmond. Some of the more important armies and their commanders were: Some other prominent Confederate generals who led significant units operating sometimes independently in the CSA included Thomas J. The Choctaws, who were expecting support from the Confederates, got little. On September 20, 1863, he and two other men took command of a charge near "Snodgrass Hill" during the Battle of Chickamauga. 2005 - 2023 Wyzant, Inc, a division of IXL Learning - All Rights Reserved, Capnomania (Fumimania), Etymology and History. There was plenty of meat in the Confederacy. so grateful for this information I know my family fought with the Confederates during the Civil War and am just trying to find out about family history and my countrys history thanks from a curious mind! Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. Religion strengthened the soldiers' loyalty to their comrades and the Confederacy. Item Code: 2022-2311. Occasionally, a single corps might operate independently as if it were a small army. Journal of the Senate at an Extra Session of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, Convened under the Proclamation of the Governor, March 25, 1863, p. 6. The following calls for soldiers were issued: The CSA was initially a (strategically) defensive army, and many soldiers were resentful when Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia in an invasion of the North in the Antietam campaign. This does not include an unknown number of slaves who were pressed into performing various tasks for the army, such as the construction of fortifications and defenses or driving wagons. Some states (such as North Carolina) were able to better supply their soldiers, while other states (such as Texas) were unable for various reasons to adequately supply their troops as the war continued. [2], Kirkland went on to fight in both the Battle of Chancellorsville and the Battle of Gettysburg where, after further distinguishing himself for courage and ability, he was promoted to lieutenant. At the end of the war 174,223 men of the Confederate forces surrendered to the Union Army. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, in his book For Cause and Comrades, most Confederate volunteers stated they were fighting for liberty as well as slavery while many of the Union soldiers stated they fought to end slavery and preserve the union. Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served in each army at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the armies at any given date. CREATIVE. A few corps commanders were never confirmed as lieutenant generals and exercised corps command for varying periods as major generals. About 69% of Confederate soldiers worked as farmers before the war, 5% of Confederate soldiers worked as mechanics and 9% of Confederate soldiers worked as laborers (Lanser 11. The types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore consisted of a double-breasted gray frock coat, a pair of light french blue trousers, white cotton shirts, a forage cap and leather brogan shoes. The Confederate Congress gave control over military operations, and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the President of the Confederate States of America on February 28, 1861, and March 6, 1861. As one might expect, a much higher percentage of soldiers from slaveholding families than from non-slaveholding families expressed such a purpose: 33 percent, compared with 12 percent. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. Parker stated that had he been given an opportunity, he would have turned against his Confederate captors, and "could do it with pleasure". By the mid-war, most regiments averaged 300400 men, with Confederate units slightly smaller on average than their U.S. counterparts. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The braid was sometimes left off by officers since it made them conspicuous targets. The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. As the war progressed, the other general-officer ranks were quickly added, but no insignia for them was created. U.S., Confederate Service Records, 1861-1865, U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration. Johnny, or just plain Reb. LII, Part 2, pp. Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 - September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg . [93] Even Georgian governor Joseph E. Brown noted that "the country and the army are mainly dependent upon slave labor for support. ", "How people convince themselves that the Confederate flag represents freedom, not slavery: Historian John M. Coski examines the fights over the symbol's meaning in 'The Confederate Battle Flag: America's Most Embattled Emblem. They seized federal property, including nearly all U.S. Army forts, within their borders. History was manipulated so these statues could remind the black people of their horrific brutal past and to keep them segregated from the white folk, while offending them. [5], Confederate casualty figures also are incomplete and unreliable. In an open-air industrial area in Richmond, Virginia, lie the remains of Confederate statues. Most historians agree that, no matter what he thought about when he went into the war, the experience of combat affected him profoundly and sometimes affected his reasons for continuing to fight. Research guide for the American Civil War, https://library.citadel.edu/c.php?g=911931, National Park Service: Soldiers & Sailors Database, The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of Rebellion. Many of those remaining on the battlefield were still alive, but suffering terribly from their wounds and a lack of water. Choctaw Confederate battalions were formed in Indian Territory and later in Mississippi in support of the southern cause. One estimate of the Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, is 194,026; another is 226,000. "They forced their negroes to load their cannon," reported a U.S. officer. This is union and confederate combined. The unsolvable problem was shipping it to the armies, especially when Lee's army in Virginia was at the end of a long, tenuous supply line. He chose to wear the rank insignia of a colonel.) These are some of the additional considerations which have suggested themselves to us. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Your email address will not be published. Individual commanders often had to "beg, borrow or steal" food and ammunition from whatever sources were available, including captured U.S. depots and encampments, and private citizens regardless of their loyalties. Confederate uniforms. Lieutenant colonels were second in command. Period! Barring the same type of circumstances that might leave a lower grade officer in temporary command, divisions were commanded by major generals and corps were commanded by lieutenant generals. This database contains an index of compiled military service records for volunteer Union soldiers who served with units organized in more than 20 states and territories, including states in the Confederacy. Following the Battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, March 78, 1862, Drew's Mounted Rifles defected to the United States forces in Kansas, where they joined the Indian Home Guard. All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. The idea of arming the Confederacy's slaves for use as soldiers was speculated on from the onset of the war, but such proposals were not seriously considered by Jefferson Davis or others in the Confederate administration until late in the war when severe manpower shortages were faced. HISTORY. [25] On October 11, the Confederate Congress passed the so-called "Twenty Negro Law",[26] which exempted anyone who owned 20 or more slaves, a move that caused deep resentment among conscripts who did not own slaves. "[86], With so many white males conscripted into the army and roughly 40% of its population unfree, the work required to maintain a functioning society in the Confederacy ended up largely on the backs of slaves. For example, uniforms for North Carolina regiments often featured a colored strip of cloth on their shoulders to designate what part of the service the soldier was in. "Leatherneck, Jarhead" A US Marine. The storage wasteland, whose exact location has been . Oxford University Press, 1997.Larned, Josephus Nelson. Some men with a weak religious affiliation became committed Christians, and saw their military service in terms of satisfying God's wishes. Confederate casualty figures are as incomplete and unreliable as the figures on the number of Confederate soldiers. Get a free answer to a quick problem. Copy. James McPherson broke down the geographical distribution of Confederate soldiers even further in his book For Cause and Comrades: State / Estimated % of all Confederate Soldiers: Virginia 14%North Carolina 15%Tennessee 12%South Carolina 6%Georgia 11%Florida 2%Alabama 9%Mississippi 7%Louisiana 6%Arkansas 3%Texas 6%Maryland 2%Kentucky 5%Missouri 3%. Despite his youth, Kirkland enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861, not long after war was declared, before his older brothers. The following men had varying degrees of control: The lack of centralized control was a strategic weakness for the Confederacy, and there are only a few examples of its armies acting in concert across multiple theaters to achieve a common objective. These major units were generally named after states or geographic regions (in comparison to the U.S. Army's custom of naming armies after rivers). A disgusted officer later acknowledged that "with the exception of a partial supply for the Choctaw regiment, no tents, clothing, or camp, and garrison equipage was furnished to any of them. In some cases, Confederate men were motivated to join the army in response to the United States' actions regarding its opposition to slavery. Gen. Fred C. Ainsworth, head of the Record and Pension Office of the War Department. [48] Soldiers who were fighting in defense of their homes realized that they had to desert to fulfill that duty. What. For example, at the pivotal Battle of Chancellorsville, the average U.S. Army infantry regiment's strength was 433 men, versus 409 for Confederate infantry regiments. 116162. [115][116], The usage of black men as soldiers by the Union, combined with Abraham Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation, profoundly angered the Confederacy,[117] with the Confederates calling it uncivilized. This database contains an index to compiled service records (CSRs) for soldiers who served with units in the Confederate army. [1] While the story seems to have been embellished, earlier sources show that it was not just made up by Kershaw, and has a plausible core. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. . The treaty covered sixty-four terms covering many subjects like Choctaw and Chickasaw nation sovereignty, Confederate States of America citizenship possibilities, and an entitled delegate in the House of Representatives of the Confederate States of America. Others point to less overtly political reasons to fight, such as the defense of one's home and family, or the honor and brotherhood to be preserved when fighting alongside other men. [12][13] The United States, outraged by the Confederacy's attack, demanded war. The southern states called this new union they had created the "Confederacy," or more formally "the Confederate States of America" (a.k.a. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. a Question "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. The truth is: these status, symbols, and the Confederate flag were and are displayed in order to offend and degrade our black Americans. Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown was an extreme case of a Southern States Rights advocate asserting control over Confederate soldiers: he defied the Confederate government's wartime policies and resisted the military draft. Furthermore, each state often had its uniform regulations and insignia, which meant that the "standard" Confederate uniform often featured a variety of differences based on the state the soldier came from. U.S. Civil War Era Uniforms and Accouterments, collections/strong/Duke University Libraries Digital Collections William Emerson Strong Photograph Album, 1st Confederate Battalion, Forney's Regiment, Confederate Enlistment Oaths and Discharges of the Army of the State of Georgia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederate_States_Army&oldid=1140479607, March 6, 1861: 100,000 volunteers and militia, January 23, 1862: 400,000 volunteers and militia. With Confederate units slightly smaller on average than their U.S. counterparts that are being analyzed and not... 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