United Farm Workers Grape Strike, Calif., 1965-1970. An open letter to Los Angeles supporters asking them for their continued support of the Grape Strike, 1968. Broader Terms. The tactic proved remarkably effective in nationalizing the farmworker struggle and - to some extent - neutralizing the effects of the financial and political power imbalance that existed between growers and workers in the Central Valley. On September 8, 1965, over 800 Filipino farmworkers affiliated with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) struck ten grape vineyards around Delano. By 1970, the grape boycott was a complete success. NFWA leadership knew that picket lines and local protests would not be enough to achieve their objectives. Esther Uranday looks at old photographs of . Both actions had ties to the wave of farmworker strikes that followed the termination of the Bracero Program in 1964. Ring of Fire: It's the 50th Anniv. Cesar and the leaders of the NFWA believed it would be years before their fledgling union was ready for a strike. Use questions generated about individuals and groups to assess how the significance of their actions changes over time and is shaped by the historical context. D2.His.3.9-12. But Cesar and the farm workers showed ordinary people that by making little sacrifices every dayby not eating grapesthey could directly help the poorest of the poor. [30], The DiGiorgio Corporation was finally pressured into holding an election among its workers allowing them to choose the union they wanted to represent them on August 30, 1967. The strike and the boycott continued until July 29, 1970, at which point the strikers declared victory as California table grape growers signed union contracts and agreed to give workers better pay, benefits, and protections. Beyond the Fields: Cesar Chavez, the UFW, and the Struggle for Justice in the 21st Century. Article 5: Workers United: The Delano Grape Strike and Boycott. Organizers and volunteers gathered in cities across the country to generate support, picketing businesses like grocery stores, bars, and liquor stores that sold Schenley products. As a class, drawing on what students learned through watching the video, brainstorm a list of the strategies that the farmworkers used during the strike to push for their rights, and write them on the board. Eager to extend the unions victory at Coachella to the vineyards of Delano, members of the AWOC local met at Filipino Hall and voted for a strike. For the first time in American history, Cesar and the United Farm Workers (the result of a merger in 1966 between the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee and the National Farm Workers Association) decided to use a boycott in a major labor dispute. Picketers were roughed up, attacked by dogs, threatened by cars, and . But 1965 was not the past. Jenkins, J. Craig. Schenley was a nationally known company, with millions in liquor sales each year. The strike also catapulted its leader . On September 8 th, 1965, the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC), a majority Filipino labor group, initiated a strike against Delano grape growers amidst cries of "welga!" (the Tagalog word for "strike").The purpose of the strike was to get union contracts, higher pay, and improved working conditions. Others worried about his health. [16], On September 8, 1965, Itliong, Vera Cruz, Gines, Imutan, and more than 1,000 Filipino farm workers walked off of vineyards and began their strike against Delano table grape growers. In 1965, Chavez and the United Farm Workers joined with Filipino American grape workers in a boycott against California-based Delano grapes. Paul Henggeler Collection; letter to address grape strike, 1967. How can people work together to raise their voices and demand the rights they have been denied? In the time that followed, the picket lines were routinely attacked. against vineyard owners that spread north to Delano and helped spark the national. Thick Tule fog shrouded the valley, making things seem even drearier. He led by example. Nonetheless, in the fall of 1965, thousands of workers in the Delano grape fields voted in favor of striking This article . Minneapolis.2011. He knew most people couldnt drop what they were doing and dedicate themselves completely to the movement like the grape strikers, most of whom lost their homes, cars and worldly possessions. But Cesar knew the strikers greatest weapon was simply their decision not to quit, to persevere no matter what the odds or how long it would take. A Division of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Mapping UFW Strikes, Boycotts, and Farm Worker Actions 1965-1975, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The grape strike that transformed a nation, 50 years later", "La Causa: The Delano Grape Strike of 1965-1970", "When Mexicans and Filipinos joined together", "The Forgotten Filipino-Americans Who Led the '65 Delano Grape Strike", "COACHELLA VALLEY: Filipinos' 1965 strike set stage for farm labor cause", "How Filipino Migrants Gave the Grape Strike Its Radical Politics | Dollars & Sense", "Filipino-Americans: The forgotten leaders of '65 grape strike", "50 Years Later, Remembering the Delano Grape Strike", "26 Grape Growers Sign Union Accord; Boycott Nears End", "Fear and Tension Grip Salinas Valley in Farm Workers' Strike", "Looking back on the year that forever changed farming in the Salinas Valley", "Amid Chants of 'Huelga!,' an Embodiment of Hope", "Why the 'Cesar Chavez' biopic matters now", "Out of the Fields, Onto the Screen: What 'Cesar Chavez' Gets Wrong About the Labor Movement", "Grapes Of Wrath: The Forgotten Filipinos Who Led A Farmworker Revolution", "Strike! Educators will create a practice of student journaling to help their students critically examine their surroundings and make informed judgments. He carefully followed Dr. Kings Montgomery bus boycott in the mid-1950s. Here, measures of those laws are laid out. Two and a half years into the strike, during the winter of 1967-68, some strikers, especially some young men, were impatient. 1968 If you really want to do something, be willing to die for it.. The Delano Grape Strike entails the refusal of the Filipino-American farm workers to go to work to pick grapes in a farmland in California.. He said, the whole essence of nonviolent action is getting a lot of people involved, vast numbers doing little things.. This lesson is designed to fit into one 50-min class period and includes: In 1965, grape workers in the San Joaquin Valley in California went on strike to demand higher wages and better work conditions. The National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) had now emerged as an influential force in the community. While some companies ended up going back on their agreements, the strike was largely considered a success. In preparing for one of our DBQs on the Delano Grape Strike, . When the NFWA joined the strikers, they were shocked at how violent the growers were towards the Filipino workers. National support for the UFW continued to grow in 1968, and hundreds of UFW members and supporters were arrested. Pause after each clip to give students time to discuss in their small groups. Repeat with the remaining two clips from the film (7:18-12:25 and 12:25-18:30). Students should write a short reflection on the image, using the following prompts: What strategy do you think this image depicts? Interaction The grape strike officially began in Delano in September 1965. On September 7, 1965, Filipino grape workers in Delano, California voted to strike rather than accept the reduced wages proposed by grape growers. 3d. As a result, a majority Republican Congress was elected and pushed for the passage of the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, which enacted the plan that became known as Radical Reconstruction. Delano grape strike Label from public data source Wikidata; Grape Strike (California : 1965-1970) Grve du raisin (Californie, tats-Unis. [4][5] The strike began on September 8, 1965, and one week later, the predominantly Mexican National Farmworkers Association (NFWA) joined the cause. Browse e12806.ufw resources on Teachers Pay Teachers, a marketplace trusted by millions of teachers . The International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union, whose members were responsible for loading the shipments, cooperated with the protesters and refused to load non-union grapes. The target was Schenley Industries, the second largest grower in Delano. My List. According to United Farm Workers, this was meant to be Chavez's "act of penitence" for those who'd engaged in violent behavior as well as a "way of taking responsibility.". - 1965-1970) Sources. Huerta helped organize the Delano grape strike in 1965 in California and was the lead negotiator . In 1967, UFW supporters in Oregon began picketing stores in Eugene, Salem, and Portland. greatstudykai. In 1965, the National Farmworkers Association in Delano, CA, was in its early stages with only 200 due-paying members. Save resources to create collections for your class or to review later. Students explore the first year of the Delano grape strike, when grape workers in California's San Joaquin Valley went on strike to demand higher wages and better work conditions. The strike became known as the Delano grape strike and would last five years. The Story of the California Grape Strike JOHN GREGORY DUNNE Noonday 346 $1.95. We recommend using the teaching strategies below to engage your students throughout this lesson. Bardacke, Frank. Local police and sheriffs provided armed protection. Senator Robert Kennedy (L) breaks bread with Union Leader Cesar Chavez as Chavez ended a 23-day fast in support of non-violence in the strike against grape growers. Delano Grape Boycott and Strike What was it? Previous: Before you teach this lesson, please review the following guidance to tailor this lesson to your students contexts and needs. [8] Chavez initially declined Itliong's request because he believed the NFWA was not financially stable enough to join the strike. The strike started Sept. 8, 1965 when Filipino grape workers walked out on grape growers in Delano, Calif., to protest years of poor pay and working conditions. He went without food for 25 days, only drinking water. scratched out of the vineyards of the Coachella Valley. Having gained a $1.40/hour wage for farm workers in Coachella, he prepared workers to go on strike in Delano when growers refused to pay more than $1.20/hour. They were building a movement and did not know if they had the resources to commit to a strike. "Some of them were beaten up by the growers [who] would shut off the gas and the lights and the water in the labor camps," per Dollars & Sense. The Delano Grape Strike grew from a long history of labor organizing and protest. In September 1965, Filipino and Mexican American farm workers went on strike against grape growers in and around Delano, California. Image by Larry Gross. D2.Civ.10.9-12. But for Cesar, nonviolence was more than a tactic or strategy that could be discarded if it wasnt working. The boycott had the potential to exert real economic pressure on the growers, perhaps even enough to finally bring them to the negotiating table. In addition, the growers had access to replacement labor and enjoyed significant political influence in Sacramento and Washington, D.C. Her father was a miner, farmworker and union leader who later went into state politics. The Global Nonviolent Action Database writes that picketers were attacked by dogs, sprayed with pesticides, threatened by cars. While there was temptation to resort to violence against grape growers that abused . Cesar Chavez also went on a speaking tour along the East Coast to ask for support from labor groups, religious groups, and universities.[28]. ELIBR0152, Box 1, Folder 4, The California Grape Boycott, circa 1968. (b) Which rules did you use? The South was divided into five military districts and governed by military governors until acceptable state . 1970 What were the circumstances? At the time, Csar Chvez and Dolores Huerta led another union in the San Joaquin Valley, the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), which was comprised mostly of Mexican-American farmworkers. The group was successful in its course of action, and this resulted in the spoilage of a thousand ten-ton cases of grapes which were left to rot on the docks. Just three years old, the young organization was still finding its footing - both financially and in the community. The strike of lettuce pickers and packers in . 1960s Copyright (c) 2023 United Farm Workers All rights reserved. In September 1965, he sparked the movement in the vineyards of Delano. In this lesson, students will learn about the initial phase of the grape workers strike that occurred in Californias San Joaquin Valley from 1965 to 1966. and the firms cost curves. During the strike, organizers from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), along with student activists from the Bay Area, arrived in Delano to offer support, drawing parallels between the Jim Crow South and rural California in the fight for racial justice. View Delano Grape Strike from HISTORY MISC at Loyola Sacred Heart High School. In September, demand for industrial furnace boilers at a large plumbing supply warehouse has a Almost immediately, grape farmers hired Latinx-American workers, predominantly Mexican-Americans, to replace the striking workers. Boilers are sold for In 1965, grape workers in the San Joaquin Valley in California went on strike to demand higher wages and better work conditions. Many farmworkers were denied a living wage or basic necessities, such as sufficient housing, healthcare, or education for their children. [11][12][13], Preceding the Delano grape strike was another grape strike organized by Filipino farm workers that occurred in Coachella Valley, California on May 3, 1965. He believed nonviolence forces you to be creativethat it lets you maintain the offensive, which is crucial to winning any contest. The strikers wanted the piece rate to go up from ten cents a box to twenty-five cents. Christina_Frost79. i CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA MINORITIES AND POLITICS: Understanding the Common Cause of Their Rise in Political Power A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science By Nam Kyu Kang March 2016 John Gregory Dunne. How did you respond? per boiler plus a fee of$500 per month to act as dealer for these boilers. On May 10, UFW supporters picketed Safeway stores throughout the U.S. and Canada in celebration of International Grape Boycott Day. In addition to lost wages, many also faced eviction from housing owned by growers. Prepare the Gallery Walk (activity 2) in advance by printing the images from the handout Gallery Walk Images: Farmworkers Movement and displaying them around the classroom on walls or tables. However, because NFWA members expressed a desire to support the Filipinos' efforts, Chavez decided to hold an emergency conference at the Our Lady of Guadalupe Church (Iglesia Nuestra Seora de Guadalupe) on September 16 to allow NFWA members to decide for themselves whether or not to join the struggle at Delano. 6 terms. farm-labor movement. The population was 51,428 in 2020, down from 53,041 in 2010. Chronicles of American Women: Your History Makers, Women Writing History: A Coronavirus Journaling Project, We Who Believe in Freedom: Black Feminist DC, Learning Resources on Women's Political Participation. Have students move around the classroom to explore a range of documents, images, or student work. [5][6] In August 1966, the AWOC and the NFWA merged to create the United Farm Workers (UFW) Organizing Committee. Hundreds of grape strikers traveled across the U.S. and Canada, telling their stories and organizing mass support for the grape boycott. When students have finished viewing the images, ask them to share some of their observations and reactions with the class. In fact, he helped lead one of the most successful strikes of all time, The Delano Grape Strike and Boycott. He recruited many people and eventually was asked to move to Delano to lead Filipino grape farmers. Chavez had organized the NFWA around the premise that the farm workers struggle was part of a much broader movement for civil rights. Those efforts continue to this day through the work of the United Farm Workers of America and the Cesar Chavez Foundation. The strikers had to be prepared to risk everythingbeginning with their financial security. Facing History & Ourselves uses lessons of history to challenge teachers and their students to stand up to bigotry and hate. After melon workers went on strike in Texas, growers held the first union representation elections in the region, and the UFW became the first union to ever sign a contract with a grower in Texas. Filipino and Latino workers picketed together and cooked for one another, the strikes took a "solemn vow to remain nonviolent," and they "drew unprecedented support" from numerous other unions, civil rights groups, and minority groups outside the region. For some workers, the wages were even lower, closer to 90 cents an hour, plus an extra 10 cents for a big basket filled with grapes, per "Dolores Huerta: Labor Leader and Civil Rights Activist," by Robin S. Doak. In "Letter from Delano", by Cesar Chavez, the writer is attempting to perform this impossible feat on E.L. Barr Jr., the president of the California Grape and Tree Fruit League. On September 8, 1965, Filipino American grape workers, members of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, walked out on strike against Delano-area table and wine grape growers protesting years of poor pay and conditions. The fledgling organizations leadership had two choices: join the strike or break it. Cesar insisted the Latino and Filipino strikers work together, sharing the same picketlines, strike kitchens and union hall. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. While Chavez took the limelight, the historical record of Itliong, a co-founder and former assistant director, faded and became overlooked. The warehouse pays a unit cost of $2,225 Politics and Culture in Modern America. [38] The hiring hall system was established with the intent of ending farm workers' migration cycle, which the UFW believed would make for more organized and efficient harvesting. Students will explore the events of the first year (196566) of the Delano grape strike. The ongoing Black Freedom Struggle provided both inspiration and allies to the farm workers. Then, students will analyze the strategies used during this period of the farmworkers movement and reflect on the impact these strategies had. Other articles where Delano: The Story of the California Grape Strike is discussed: John Gregory Dunne: Dunne's first book, Delano: The Story of the California Grape Strike (1967; rev. But the fast worked. Labor activists, spearheaded the organization of Chicano agricultural workers into the United Farm Workers, UFW, the first successful union of migrant workers, 1965, strike of grape pickers in the fields around the Delano, CA and a nationwide boycott of table grapes brought Chavez and the UFW into the media spotlight, advocated nonviolent . Here are five ways the Delano grape strike was so unique and instrumental. To focus national attention on this aspect of the movement, the AWOC and NFWA turned to another civil rights strategy: the march. Special Book Section A Social History of Farm Labor in. [27], After a record harvest in the fall of 1965, thousands of California farm workers went on strike and demanded union representation elections. However, while the Filipino workers under Itliong readily joined the strike, Mexican workers were willing to accept $1.20 . Within two weeks of the start of the strike, Filipino grape workers were joined by the Latinx workers. Sketch a market demand curve [13] To prevent the strike from ending in failure, Itliong sought out the help of Cesar Chavez, who was the leader of the newly established NFWA. In 1966, Mexican and Filipino grape pickers in California joined together to strike for better working conditions. Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, Larry ItliongLupe MartinezCesar ChavezDolores Huerta, The Delano grape strike was a labor strike organized by the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC), a predominantly Filipino and AFL-CIO-sponsored labor organization, against table grape growers in Delano, California to fight against the exploitation of farm workers. the Spanish word for strike in favor of supporting the Delano grape farmer workers. 2. What began as a fight for higher wages in Delano had now become a referendum on the right of farmworkers to organize and enjoy basic labor protections. They were the Filipino grape pickers who 40 years ago called a strike. Use the Think, Pair, Share teaching strategy to lead a final discussion on what students learned during the lesson. 1079-81, Killing of 22 Vietnamese civilians by US forces during a SnD mission, led by William L. Calley Jr. for the murder for "at least" 22 The documentary The Wrath of Grapes mentions that the Delano-based company, M Caratan Inc., hired criminals to break up farm workers voting to unionize. New York: Norton, 1975. Farm workers were excluded from federal laws passed during the 1930s that protected other kinds of workers. Labor in bus boycott in the community hundreds of grape strikers traveled across the U.S. and Canada in celebration International., down from 53,041 in 2010 in 2010, was in its early stages with only due-paying... Ask them to share some of their observations and reactions with the.! Resort to violence against grape growers in and around Delano, California is crucial to winning contest... Was temptation to resort to violence against grape growers that abused tactic or that! Building a movement and reflect on the image, using the following prompts: What strategy do think... Trusted by millions of Teachers known as the Delano grape strike JOHN GREGORY DUNNE 346... 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