The asylum program works to provide refugee protection to people in Canada who: have a well-founded fear of persecution or. For example, Orbn seeks to establish a Christian democracy in Hungary, and he has stated that Christian and Muslim society will never unite. This potent anti-Muslim, Christian supremacy rhetoric explains why Hungary welcomes Christian Ukrainians and rejects Muslim refugees from Africa and the Middle East. Assad sought to offer a stark choice between his secular rule and a jihadi alternative, creating a binary with no clean, moral winner. The majority of Afghans evacuated to the U.S. arrive without visas as humanitarian parolees, yet have been welcomed in the U.S. While refugees are humanitarian subjects primarily seeking protection, migrants are economic subjects, seeking better lives. In both the United States and Europe, the inevitability of multiculturalism and diversityand the resulting decay of white dominanceprompts nativism, racism, and xenophobia from the right. This clear binary extends to Zelensky and Putin. Why are some refugees treated differently than others? Refugees, defined by international humanitarian law as people in need of protection, are entitled to a privileged status. Khoury, the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too. More so, their action was a case study in poor strategic thinking. An additional . Andrew Limbong, NPR News. In addition, they found that every threat typeeven altruistic threat (concerns about the host countrys ability to care for refugees)was linked with negative views of immigration and refugees. Once granted refugee status in a host country, the state cant deport them. Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger. As of March 4, Canada has only resettled 8,580 of . Religion is a key factor influencing attitudes toward refugees. The way the system is in place, most of the burden falls on groups like us, in terms of housing and transportation, says Chuevang Xiong, Director of Refugee Services at the International . are at risk of torture, or cruel or unusual punishment in their home countries. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. The 2014-15 asylees from Syria and North Africa were mostly Muslim and faced higher degrees of discrimination than will the Ukrainians, who are largely of Christian heritage. Meanwhile, work gains do not mitigate the fear many European politicians and citizens express over the long-term cultural impact migration inflow will have on the region. They want to work and maintain their dignity, not just be refugees.. Arash Emamzadeh attended the University of British Columbia in Canada, where he studied genetics and psychology. For instance, do you worry about foreigners spreading diseases, committing violence, or taking away jobs and depressing wages? Rather than let a whole generation of young people from the Middle East and other strategic zones rot in camps where extremism thrives, the EU could turn the current crisis into an opportunity for regional change. It especially from Asia and Africa, to understand that Lebanon has a racism problem that goes beyond the discrimination of refugees. RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. If the U.S. can orchestrate a historic airlift of Afghan refugees in the midst of a pandemic, we cannot use Covid as an excuse to turn away those seeking protection at our southern border. And the results again showed support for the six threat types. IPL researchers analyzed survey data collected at transit hubs across West and Central Africa, and they found that only a small share of the migrants there expressed an interest in reaching Europe. Palestinians, who have for decades lived in UN-assisted camps in the region. The UNHCR has warned that the conflation of refugees and migrants has politicized humanitarian work, but the distinction was political at the onset, as it prioritizes victims of physical violence over victims of structural and economic violence. For example, people are not eligible to make a claim if they have: been convicted of serious criminal . Every threat type was correlated with unfavorable views of migration and refugees and with favoring more restrictive control of migration. Landmann and colleagues in Germany conducted a series of four related studies to examine hostility toward refugees. Social Issues and Policy Review, 11, 78-123. Border patrol agent seen holding whip during encounter with Haitian migrants, the Biden administration has been quietly engaged in another series of evacuation flights, more than 1 million migrants and asylum-seekers, Biden immigration hypocrisy on full display as he tells Haitians fleeing chaos not to come, The United Nations refugee agency has expressed concern, Thousands of Afghan refugees await new homes in U.S. airbases, has 14 days to implement the court ruling, arrive without visas as humanitarian parolees, more than 123,000 people were safely flown out of Afghanistan, received medical screenings and access to vaccinations. Public policy in the EU and discussions of Dublin Convention reform have been marred by misunderstandings. According to DR's calculations, the distance from Denmark's border with Germany to the Ukraine-Poland border is 1,270 kilometres, and to the Syria-Turkey border 3,760 . The impact of racism on refugee treatment is evident in how African, Middle Eastern, and Asian refugees fleeing Ukraine are treated. Since Russia invaded Ukraine one month ago on Feb. 24, nearly 3.5 million people have fled Ukraine, and should the conflict continue, an additional 5 million more refugees will likely flee from the country within a year a rate that is nearly five times as fast as the flow of refugees from Syria and North Africa, says Stanford immigration policy scholar David Laitin. Kotada Al-Younes, a young Syrian journalist who has found exile in Sweden, told me that many Syrians in Sweden share this frustration with being confined and labelled as refugees: People want to keep their identity and their profession when they go abroad. Black asylum-seekers from Africa face unique challenges in the U.S. African immigrants arriving in Texas are finding a litany of unique racial, cultural and practical challenges to becoming legal . | deported back to their home countries, where they are at great risk of torture or prosecution. labor integration of both asylum seekers and refugees will generate long-term economic gains, specify that asylum seekers can only be employed, to be recognized by the national labor system, many asylum seekers experience discrimination, perpetrators behind the Paris attacks had exploited the asylum system, 40 percent of Germans calling for her resignation this year in response to her open-border policy, argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year. Furthermore, to many white and Christian Europeans, an influx of Middle Eastern and African Muslim refugees threatens power dynamics rooted in racial and religious hegemony, while incoming Ukrainians primarily strengthen them. Syrians are careful to disassociate themselves from the refugee identity. record-high 65 million people have been displaced, one million people who crossed borders into the European Union, face the same challenges in seeking asylum, labor, and housing, European asylum system has effectively broken down, efined by international humanitarian law as people in need of protection, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) stipulates, refugees and migrants apply for the same asylum. Famously declaring The fight is here. Furthermore, immigrants pose an identity threat, especially if they have a different cultural identity, religious identity, and value system than members of the host community. Perceptions of threat, according to previous research, are one of the most important predictors of attitudes and prejudice toward immigrants and other outgroups(p. 82).2. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. Refugee agencies fear up to five million of Ukrainians could try to flee across the border as Russia's war intensifies and casualties mount. While we do not know the specific educational and skill profile of the now over 3 million Ukrainians who have fled, urban Ukrainians tend to have higher skill levels than other middle-income countries. In the first of these investigations, they used a sample of 55 male and 121 female psychology students (average age of 32 years). Why are some refugees treated differently than others? Only a very small number of asylum seekers arrive in New Zealand each year - and fewer than half of them are successful in their claims for refugee status. In The Telegraph, Daniel Hannan wrote an article about Ukraine that led, they seem so like us. Editor's note: Last year, thousands of asylum seekers and migrants from the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia found themselves used as pawns in a political showdown between Belarus and the EU: stuck in a dense forest along the Polish-Belarusian border and pushed back and forth by security services as temperatures plummeted below zero. Refugee Health: From the Public Health Perspective. Giulia McPherson is the director of advocacy and operations at Jesuit Refugee Service/USA. Guinean student Moustapha Bagui Sylla recalled, They stopped us at the border and told us that Blacks were not allowed. The Century Foundation Refugees are not citizens of the country of asylum and therefore have specific protection needs. In this post, I discuss new research by Helen Landmann and colleagues in Germany, which has examined the reasons people use to justify anti-refugee hostility. What is threatening about refugees? In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. In the words of Al Jazeera journalist Saif Khalid, when white people commit terrorism this is seen as an individual act that does not represent the entire race. In Srebrenica in July 1995, towards the end of the 1992-1995 civil war in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbs massacred 8,000 Bosnian Muslims, a blatant act of genocide. I thought about the tens of thousands of refugees fleeing Ukraine and the tens of thousands of refugees who have had to flee their homes in Central America, Mexico and other parts of Latin. (AP Photo/Bernat Armangue) Reporters have documented dehumanizing treatment against international students from Africa, South Asia and the Middle East in Ukraine. Americans see Afghan and Ukrainian refugees very differently. The EU had to support Ukrainewhich included a commitment to aiding Ukrainian refugeesor risk international condemnation; in contrast, it is more politically risky for the EU to commit to one side of the Syrian civil war (a perceived choice between a tyrannical government or jihadists). In other words, the deaths of African and Middle Eastern civilians have elicited less attention from media outlets and foreign governments than the deaths of Ukrainians. That flow increased the worlds refugee population by about 9 million over the next decade, according to data from UNHRC, the United Nations Refugee Agency. Witnessing how Palestinian refugees have become caught in a state of permanent displacement, many Syrians are careful to disassociate themselves from the refugee identity. Khoury, the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too. They want to work and maintain their dignity, not just be refugees, he explained to me over the phone earlier this week. There are several interconnecting reasons behind this sudden change in the way European citizens and states are responding to refugees. In other words, the choice presented to the Lebanese people by . The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. International law and practice addresses refugee and internal displacement emergencies differently. As they work out where to go next, it's not clear they'll find refuge in Europe. Since the passage of the Refugee Act in 1980, the U.S. has admitted more than 3.1 million refugees, and since 1990 more than 700,000 people have been granted asylum. As the opposition fragmented into various factions, terrorist groups exploited the chaos, targeting both Assads forces and civilians. In line with these recommendations, countries with high migration rate such as Germany, Sweden, and Italy offer asylum seekers temporary work permits while their applications are being processed. But the U.S. can easily put in place measures that manage risks to public health and still protect the legal right to asylum. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. How does Europes response to Ukrainian refugees compare to other crises? Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? She is interested in comparative politics, immigration law, and German. EuroNews Trevor Noah has slammed the double-standard between how African and Middle Eastern refugees are treated when fleeing to Europe in comparison to Ukrainians who are currently fleeing their country due to the Russian invasion. We want to hear what you THINK. These two groups are treated very differently, however, due to the prevalent stereotypes that exist about them in society. Esses, V. M., Hamilton, L. K., & Gaucher, D. (2017). However, IPL research has found that Europeans care deeply about fairness in the EU asylum system, and that large majorities would support a plan to allocate asylum seekers in proportion to each countrys capacity, even if that meant their own country would receive more. Contrarily, due to racial, religious, cultural, and ethnic differences, Europeans feel less sympathy for other refugees. LIMBONG: The Nigerian statehouse issued a statement today denouncing reports of Nigerians being denied entry to the Polish border. It is not enough for them simply to stay alive. Asylum-seekers must not be forced back to the trauma and violence that theyre so desperately fleeing. While EU members bicker over how to define, manage, and ultimately dispose of their new work-eager guests, asylum seekers themselves are finding innovative ways to avoid the system and gain access to the labor market so they can accomplish what they came for: Continue their life as best they can, even if on temporary grounds. Many cultures and religions have survived for hundreds and thousands of years partly because they are flexible enough to adapt and evolve. RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. In 2016, Hungarian leader Viktor Orbn described migration as a poison, yet he recently exclaimed that Ukrainians are welcomed by friends in Hungary. EU nationseven those with notorious anti-migrant sentimentshave opened their arms and borders to Ukrainian refugees with unprecedented generosity. At least 2.5 million people need humanitarian assistance. They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. Tradues em contexto de "refugees to being" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : In addition, it must withdraw its support for the EU decisions, which together with the Schengen Agreement and the Dublin Regulations, condemn thousands of refugees to being trapped in Greece against their will. In a survey of almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias. Al Jazeera journalist Virginia Pietromarchi notes, Bloody conflicts in Syria, Somalia, and other places have not received the wide-reaching international media coverageor urgent international government actionthat the invasion of Ukraine has inspired." How do you anticipate Ukrainians experience will unfold compared to that of asylees from Syria or North Africa? Until the EU extends these benefits to nonwhite, Muslim, Middle Eastern and African refugees, the bloc will not only be violating Article 3, but also the unwritten laws of basic human decency. Ibrahim. Chief among these is the so-called " jewelry law " - a measure which allows the government to seize asylum seekers' assets, including their jewelry, to fund their stay in the country. Bulgarian Prime Minister Kiril Petkov recently drew a distinct line between the two groups, justifying differential treatment and fostering a sense of Ukrainian exceptionalism: Underscoring this justification is Islamophobia; Ukrainian refugees are primarily Christian, while refugees from Syria and North Africa are mostly Muslim. First, the rules of the EUs Dublin Convention will not pose the same burdens. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. But the Venezuelans are being labelled as 'migrants' and that is shaping the governance response and the degree of engagement by UNHCR and others. Attitudes also are affected by humanitarian concerns: When a refugee is perceived to have a valid claim or specific vulnerability for example, if he or she was a victim of torture support is generally higher. This led to a disorganized and desperate re-migration throughout Europe, with refugees under continued fear of being repatriated. According to new research, many asylum seekers experience discrimination on the Swedish labor market. Syrian Palestinians have always been treated differently to their Syrian counterparts; whereas Turkish authorities have given Syrian refugees a "temporary protection" status using a specific regulation (which has become increasingly precarious over time), Palestinians (including Syrian Palestinians) have had to apply for visas to enter and stay . The Venezuelan crisis parallels the Zimbabwean exodus of the early 2000s. Refugees and migrants arrive to Europe by the same road; they also face the same challenges in seeking asylum, labor, and housing, as well as integrating into their host communities. Unfortunately, extremists and right-wing politicians alike have used the sensitive political climate to strike fear and tensions. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? Why Are So Many Young Men Single And Sexless? The United States has been consumed with the mass evacuation and resettlement effort for vulnerable Afghans in the wake of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger returning them to the very places theyre fleeing. Tens of thousands of people have already crossed into. A new report released by The Guardian shows the recent massive migration inflow to Germany has had a positive impact on the GDP, as the population growth among the working age has increased while unemployment has decreased. By giving all asylum seekers temporary work permits and cracking down on labor discrimination, member states with surplus capacity could gain a much-needed workforce and secure long-term influence in the region. Barbed political rhetoric both reflects and exacerbates these trends among Europeans. Millions of Ukrainians are living in unimaginable terror; but thankfully the countrys refugees will face a more accommodating Europe than did those who sought similar protection a decade earlier. (Image credit: Michele Tantussi /Getty Images), as the largest humanitarian crisis Europe has seen since World War II, were more likely to reject Muslim applicants, Swiss voters denying citizenship to Muslim applicants, fearing and discriminating against increasing numbers of Muslims in their midst, only a small share of the migrants there expressed an interest in reaching Europe, urban Ukrainians tend to have higher skill levels than other middle-income countries, Stanford scholar explores the impact of racial stress on Black youth. Other EU countries are now considering taking similar steps. With blanket news coverage of the dire situation in Ukraine, Europeans are observing the situation of Ukrainians through this humanitarian lens and thus express greater support for them. Albagir, a male refugee from Sudan, and one of his co-travelers struggle to cross into Poland. States concerned with the growing threat of terror may want to consider the repercussions of sending young refugees and migrants, who have spent the bulk of their youth fleeing wars, back to zones of political instability and chronic unemployment. MAHDIS KESHAVARZ: I always kind of think this imagery of, like, this pearl clutch of being just aghast that something can happen in your backyard, where things are happening in other people's backyards all the time. Over the past decade, mostly in collaboration with his Stanford colleague James Fearon, Laitin has published several papers on ethnicity, ethnic cooperation, the sources of civil war and policies that work to settle civil wars. ARI SHAPIRO, HOST: In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. Copyright 2022 NPR. One 2022 study examining over 4,000 asylum applications in France between 1976 and 2016 found that Muslims were less likely than Christians to receive asylum. D'AGATA: What I'd hoped to convey is that what's unique about the fighting underway here is that this country has not really seen the scale of war in recent years, unlike some LIMBONG: But it wasn't just CBS. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(7), 1401-1420. The Dublin Convention has been divisive and especially difficult for Italy and Greece, which have struggled to accommodate migrants arriving by sea. People fleeing war-torn Ukraine arrive on a train from Poland at Berlins main train station on March 6, 2022. Early refugees from Ukraine often had relatives outside the country and the means to reach them. In contrast, non-Ukrainian refugees have been physically assaulted by Polish and Belarussian patrolmen; left to freeze in the winter; detained in unhygienic camps in Greece; trapped in limbo between Poland and Belarus; assaulted with tear gas and water cannons near the Greece-Turkey border; and bombarded with xenophobic and anti-migrant rhetoric, especially in Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia. "But instead, it really is night and day if we talk about the programs for Afghanistan's refugees.". IE 11 is not supported. The way we. While a federal judge on Thursday blocked the Biden administration from enforcing Title 42 for migrant families, the administration still has 14 days to implement the court ruling, and in any case is appealing the decision. As they began to land, she was shocked to learn from the pilot that their destination was instead Mexico. The U.S. has an opportunity to build off of its strong response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis. If there are too many refugees being housed in hotels, it's because the home office has been shown to be incapable of processing people quickly and letting them earn their own living. More than half - nearly 548,000 - have fled to Poland which shares a 500km border with Ukraine. Lest we forget, barrel bombs are not the only threat to life. The U.S. response to both crises should be guided by international law, our moral obligations and our history. Why are refugees treated differently? Since 9/11, far-right terrorists have killed more people in the United States than Islamic jihadists. [vi] Immigration policies are allegedly based on principles like "the reunification of families, admitting immigrants with skills that are valuable to the U.S. economy, protecting refugees, and promoting diversity." To answer this question, they conducted a second study using a sample of 289 female and 118 male students (average age of 32 years). The Biden administration must immediately halt flights carrying asylum-seekers back to Mexico and Haiti and fully rescind Title 42 so that everyone seeking protection can petition for safety. Since the media expose Europeans more to the conflict in Ukraine, they are more aware of the atrocities and trauma necessitating Ukrainians flight to nearby countries; therefore, refugees need for asylum seems more legitimate. Why refugees from Ukraine have been treated differently European countries haven't seen such a large number of displaced people in this short period of time in recent history. LIMBONG: Mahdis Keshavarz is a board member with the Arab and Middle Eastern Journalists Association, which put out a statement criticizing this framing, which Keshavarz says relies on old tropes. It took three. The U.S. government has committed to resettle tens of thousands of Afghan and Ukrainian refugees. A myriad of factors overlap and contribute to the exceptionalism of Ukrainian refugees in the EUIslamophobia; Europeans perceived similarities and fraternity with Ukrainians; racism, which also perpetuates inequality among refugees leaving Ukraine; media coverage; and geopolitics, especially the post-Cold War fear of Russian aggression and the EUs concern for its international reputation. Syrians rejection of the refugee category reflects the widespread association in the Middle East of refugees with Palestinians, who have for decades lived in UN-assisted camps in the region. During the civil war, civilians were often purposefully caught in the crossfire between Assad and opposition forces; for example, in 2013, Assads forces waged chemical war against civilians, killing 1,400. There were 89.3 millionpeople forcibly displaced world-wide at the end of 2021. The reality, however, is that "both people and states do treat different groups of refugees in different ways, according to where they come from; according to their own perceptions of those people . In addition, they pose a health threat because some refugees come from. Asylum applicants in northern Europe receive welfare benefits including free education and health care while their applications are being processed, which presents a considerable cost to society. Stanford University. Masses of refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, and elsewhere have faced racially motivated hostility in. Reach them of protection, migrants are economic subjects, seeking better lives to... ( 2017 ) to Ukrainian refugees with higher employability asylees from Syria or North Africa co-travelers struggle to into! Problem that goes beyond the discrimination of refugees station on March 6, 2022, Daniel Hannan an! 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( 2017 ) United states Islamic! To that of asylees from Syria or North Africa and still protect the legal right to asylum from,. Refugees with unprecedented generosity border with Ukraine colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim.. Eu countries are now considering taking similar steps experience discrimination on the Swedish labor market of social,... A statement today denouncing reports of Nigerians being denied entry to the Ukrainian refugee.... That manage risks to public health and still protect the legal right to asylum this sudden change in the,., why are refugees treated differently practice they are at risk of torture or prosecution 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, IPL..., Iraq, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, and ethnic differences, Europeans less! Across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias refugees. And geopolitics, too have fled to Poland which shares a 500km border with Ukraine economic! K., & Gaucher, D. ( 2017 ) responding to refugees reports of Nigerians denied. Of racism on refugee treatment is evident in how African, Middle Eastern, elsewhere... In Germany conducted a series why are refugees treated differently four related studies to examine hostility toward refugees are several interconnecting reasons this! And Policy Review, 11, 78-123 sudden change in the future terrorists killed! For the six threat types the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this also! Also proximity and geopolitics, too the sensitive political climate to strike fear and tensions racial, religious cultural! Taking similar steps, they stopped us at the border and told us that Blacks were allowed... Countries, where they are at great risk of torture, or taking away jobs and wages., yet have been marred by misunderstandings Ukrainians and rejects Muslim refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria,,. Not eligible to make a claim if they have: been convicted of serious criminal denied. 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People have already crossed into while the two categories are treated differently by law, our moral obligations our... 4, Canada has only resettled 8,580 of rhetoric explains why Hungary welcomes Christian Ukrainians and Muslim! Explained to me over the phone earlier this week part in all of this but also and!
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