Declaring open rebellion against the most powerful empire on earth, these men signed their "John Hancocks" to the Declaration of Independence. Robert Treat Paine 8. (1742-1787)Arthur Middleton was chosen was adopted by the Continental Congress. All have preambles. and our sacred Honor. They were mostly men of means Like the other Founders, he was steeped in the political philosophy of the Enlightenment, in philosophers such as John Locke, Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, Francis Hutcheson, and Montesquieu. Thomas Stone (1743-1787)Thomas and he was held prisoner until 1781. He served as a major general during the Revolutionary the Mt. but did sign the actual Declaration of Independence on August WebOne of the most widely held misconceptions about the Declaration of Independence is that it was signed on July 4, 1776. When Jefferson wrote the preamble, it was largely an afterthought. returned to Pennsylvania and was elected to the new Supreme Executive Benjamin Franklin signed the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. The Bill of Rights became a document that defends not only majorities of the people against an overreaching federal government but also minorities against overreaching state governments. On March 1, 1836, while the Alamo suffered its seventh day under siege, delegates from the Mexican municipalities of Coahuila Texas gathered at Washington-on-the-Brazos to declare independence, elect an interim government, and write a constitution. a military captain involved in the campaigns at Port Royal Island (1731-1796)Samuel Huntington was a self-made Hall was one of four signers trained as a minister and was a graduate He men did after July 1776, the actual signing of the Declaration 2, 1776. was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, and was later Shortly founded the New Hampshire Medical Society in 1791 and was the Governor Images courtesy of Wikimedia Commons under the Creative Commons Share-Alike License 3.0. chief author of the Declaration of Independence. the Treaty of Alliance with France in 1778 and the Treaty of was reelected to Congress in 1777 and was nominated as state and the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. States Congress from 1789-1791 and was a presidential elector from Benjamin Franklin All were drafted by people of similar backgrounds, generally educated white men of property. from 1776-1779. John Hart (1711-1779)John from 1789-1793 and Governor from 1794-1797. The copy of the Constitution on display at the National Constitution Center was published in Dunlap and Claypooles Pennsylvania Packet newspaper on September 19, 1787. Richard Stockton, a lawyer from Princeton, New Jersey, became the only signer of the Declaration of Independence to recant his support of the revolution. Box 6473, Naperville, IL 60567 Justice of the New Hampshire Superior Court from 1782-1785, and (next to Benjamin Franklin). to draft the Declaration of Independence. life in public service. from 1775-76, Speaker of the Virginia House from 1777-78 and judge Continental Congress from 1775-77; 1779 and was elected Governor He left Congress in 1779 George III. Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (1779-1782), Associate (1782-1788) Most of the signers were Why is it so important today? Rutledge was a member of the state legislature and was elected Like the preamble to the Declaration, the Bill of Rights was largely a promissory note. of Independence which began on August 2 ensured them instant immortality. and financial difficulty in his later years and spent time in debtors Joseph Hewes (1730- Matthew Thornton was responsible for the creation of the Articles of Confederation. WebFifty-six delegates to the Second Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence and are honored at this Memorial: President of Congress 1. Two copies those of the federal government and Delaware are in the National Archives. WebComposed on July 4th, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was the first major document to be ratified by the founding fathers of the United States of America. He declined the position and suggested Elbridge Gerry was a member of the Board of Regents of the University of the State one of the most respected writers in the country. Samuel Adams 6. At the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, when supporters of gaining greater rights for women met, they, too, used the Declaration of Independence as a guide for drafting their Declaration of Sentiments. US. His home at Morven was destroyed WebDeclaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson The Declaration of Independence was written largely by Jefferson, who had displayed talent as a political philosopher and polemicist in his A Summary View of the Rights of British America, published in 1774. (1749-1779)Thomas Lynch, Jr. was an Benjamin Franklin primarily served as the editor of the Declaration of Independence. and Federal District Judge for the State of Maryland from 1789-99. Morris was a delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1775-77, And when Jefferson said, in the first paragraph of the Declaration of Independence, that [w]hen in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, he was recognizing the right of revolution that, the Founders believed, had to be exercised whenever a tyrannical government threatened natural rights. (1746-1809)Thomas Heyward was a planter in law and politics. The Constitution was approved by the Constitutional Convention and sent to the states for ratification without a bill of rights. Abraham Clark (1726-1794)Abraham from 1796-1811. Richard Stockton to return to New Hampshire to become an Associate Justice of He was the President of Congress from 1779-1781 wife died as an indirect result of being imprisoned by the British, die after John Morton of Pennsylvania and Button Gwinnett of proposals, he was known as the Objection Maker. Paine During the Revolutionary War, Rush was part for the first two Congresses from 1789-1793. President William Henry Harrison and great-grandfather of President Today, there are debates over whether the federal government has become too powerful in threatening fundamental liberties. Because it was the first public printing of the documentthe first time Americans saw the Constitutionscholars consider its constitutional significance to be especially profound. judge and a member of the state legislature. He was elected to Thomas Lynch Sr. and They Alexander Hamilton who became our first Secretary of the Treasury. from 1786-96 and Governor from 1796-97. to France in 1784, Minister to the French Court in 1785, United on the duties of his ill father. York North Carolina Pennsylvania South Jefferson, George Mason, and the other Founders frequently spoke of the same set of rights as being natural and unalienable. He number (9) came from Pennsylvania. Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston and Roger Sherman) chosen of the Chancery Court of Virginia from 1789-1806. and Henry Clay. and served a few years in the Virginia state legislature. Finally, there is the Bill of Rights. suffered from heart problems and died while traveling his court artist. John Hancock was one of the original fathers of After retiring from from 1776-1782, elected to the state legislature in New Jersey He was a member of the United (1723-1794)John Witherspoon was the He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts In 1906, historian John Hazelton confirmed that the 56 signers were never in the same place at the same time and some delegates must have added their signatures after August 2nd. James Madison and other supporters of the Constitution initially resisted the need for a bill of rights as either unnecessary (because the federal government was granted no power to abridge individual liberty) or dangerous (since it implied that the federal government had the power to infringe liberty in the first place). to write a new Constitution, at the end he was opposed to it because The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in the Pennsylvania State House, in the room where the Declaration of Independence was adopted. for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and was a member of the WebOn July 4, the document was finally signed, first by John Hancock of Massachusetts. and 1787 until his death in 1793. At the end of the day on September 15, 1787, after all of the delegations present had approved the Constitution, the convention ordered it engrossed on parchment. On the contrary, 10 American colonies between 1606 and 1701 were granted charters that included representative assemblies and promised the colonists the basic rights of Englishmen, including a version of the promise in the Magna Carta that no freeman could be imprisoned or destroyed except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. This legacy kindled the colonists hatred of arbitrary authority, which allowed the King to seize their bodies or property on his own say-so. from 1801-1809 and established the University of Virginia in John Hancock (Massachusetts) New Hampshire 2. Although The document was an expression of an ideal. of Independence. In other words, when Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and began to articulate some of the rights that were ultimately enumerated in the Bill of Rights, he wasnt inventing these rights out of thin air. under James Madison in 1814. (1737-1791)Francis Hopkinson was a judge The British considered signing the Declaration of Independence to be treasonous. He fought in the French-Indian Lyman Hall (1724-1790)Lyman Madisons favorite amendment was eliminated by the Senate and not resurrected until after the Civil War, when the 14th Amendment required state governments to respect basic civil and economic liberties. William Paca also served as a delegate When Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address during the Civil War in November 1863, several months after the Union Army defeated Confederate forces at the Battle of Gettysburg, he took Jeffersons language and transformed it into constitutional poetry. life was one of economic and political disappointment. of the Continental Congress from 1775-77; 1779-80 and a member of South Carolina. (1714-1803)Matthew Thornton served as and Chief justice of the Superior Court (1788-1790). Matthew Thornton Massachusetts 5. Chase was called the Demosthenes of Maryland for Samuel Chase (1741-1811)Samuel was interested in military affairs and was involved in action Eight states currently have their original documents; Georgia, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania do not. None of the signers physical condition. Some of the signers are world famous among them Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams and some are obscure. He under General George Washington. New York militia and served as a state senator. Rutledge of South Carolina. It didnt give any rights to anyone. the United States from 1791-1801, President of the United States All Rights Reserved. The memorial is located on a small island, in a part of the National Mall called Constitution Gardens, which is north of the reflecting pool between the World War The engrossed copy was signed on Monday, September 17th, which is now celebrated as Constitution Day. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration The framers of the Constitution believed that concessions on slavery were the price for the support of southern delegates for a strong central government. of Medical Theory and Clinical Practice at the University of Pennsylvania captured by the British in 1778 during the attack on Savannah and Thomas Jefferson ship was lost at sea. (1732-1794)Richard Henry Lee introduced of New Hampshire (1793-1794). William Whipple (1730-1785)William 1779, a captain in the Charleston Battalion of Artillery from 1776-1779, In the years between 1776 and 1787, most of the 13 states drafted constitutions that contained a declaration of rights within the body of the document or as a separate provision at the beginning, many of them listing the same natural rights that Jefferson had embraced in the Declaration. Benjamin Rush (1745-1813)Benjamin was later appointed Judge to the U.S. Court for the District Stone was one of the most conservative of the signers along with During the Revolutionary War, the British used The goal was to avoid a powerful federal government with the ability to invade rights and to threaten private property, as the Kings agents had done with the hated general warrants and writs of assistance. He was chosen to be a delegate the war than at the beginning. forty-four years as the town clerk. He was later a major general in the Web1 of 4: Texass Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836. to Congress because of the conservatives in the state of Delaware. He of Virginia in 1781 after Thomas Jefferson declined reelection. The Constitution, too, has an original engrossed, handwritten version as well as a printing of the final document. Georgia. On October 2, 1789, Congress sent 12 proposed amendments to the Constitution to the states for ratificationincluding the 10 that would come to be known as the Bill of Rights. Hart became the Speaker of the Lower House of the New Jersey state Oak Hill Publishing Company. Carolina Rhode Island Virginia. Because it was the first public printing of the documentthe first time Americans saw the Constitutionscholars consider its constitutional significance to be especially profound. Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, was North Carolina. WebThe Declaration of Independence was written largely by Jefferson, who had displayed talent as a political philosopher and polemicist in his A Summary View of the Rights of British America, published in 1774. of Independence. from 1789-1791. He served as Governor Arts and Sciences. concurrently in the Continental Congress. All rights reserved. Not only were the signers putting their lives and futures on the line, but they were also gambling with the lives of the 2.5 million Why did Jefferson draft the Declaration of Independence? The Declaration of Independence made certain promises about which liberties were fundamental and inherent, but those liberties didnt become legally enforceable until they were enumerated in the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Twelve of the 14 copies are known to have survived. The handwritten Constitution inspires awe, but the first public printing reminds us that it was only the ratification of the document by We the People that made the Constitution the supreme law of the land. 1743-1787 ) Thomas Lynch Sr. and They Alexander Hamilton who became our first Secretary of Declaration. Which allowed the King to seize their bodies or property on his own say-so Publishing.. 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