why is miss marie called the maginot line

You can view our. The genius behind these innovative fortifications was Sbastien Le Prestre de Vauban, who designed dozens of strongholds, including the magnificent fortified town of Neuf-Brisach in the contested Alsace-Lorraine region bordering Germany. She feels real affection only for her cat. She is tall and impressive, and she carries a hickory stick. The fortifications were built as a result of experiences from the . "That's just what the French did," says Kirchubel. 7. 14. [14], In 1926, The Manchester Guardian ran an expos showing the Reichswehr had been developing military technology forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles in the Soviet Union. By the end of the novel, through Pecola's experience, the MacTeer sisters will have a much better understanding of ruin. Because she is closer to adolescence, Frieda is more vulnerable to her communitys equation of whiteness with beauty. [27] For economic reasons, the success of the strategy of la guerre de longue dure would at the very least require Britain to maintain a benevolent neutrality, preferably to enter the war as an ally as British sea power could protect French imports while depriving Germany of hers. The French military was especially insistent that the population disparity made an offensive war of manoeuvre and swift advances suicidal, as there would always be far more German divisions; a defensive strategy was needed to counter Germany. The family of Elihue Whitcomb displays a kind of mixed-race person who lives in colonial societymore fortunate than pureblooded natives, they are still ultimately powerless, allowed to occupy only the most meaningless government positions, allowed to be educated but never to rule. While the Germans built a fleet of bombers and armored vehicles for their mobile blitzkrieg strategy, the French were putting the finishing touches on their very large and static underground fortresses. [2] French and British officers had anticipated the geographical limits of the Maginot Line; when Germany invaded the Netherlands and Belgium, they carried out plans to form an aggressive front that cut across Belgium and connected to the Maginot Line. One attack broke through a weak section of the line in the Vosges Mountains, but the French defenders stopped a second attack near Wissembourg. Why did the French build the line? He was opposed by modernists such as Paul Reynaud and Charles de Gaulle, who favoured investment in armour and aircraft. He is a religious hypocrite. [17] Versailles did not call for military sanctions in the event of the German military reoccupying the Rhineland or breaking Part V, while Locarno committed Britain and Italy to come to French aid in the event of a "flagrant violation" of the Rhineland's demilitarised status, it did not define what a "flagrant violation" would be. Ouvrage Hochwald is the only facility in the main line that remains in active service as a hardened command facility for the French Air Force known as Drachenbronn Airbase. By the time Germany invaded Poland in 1939, it was clear to French military leaders that they had greatly underestimated the speed and ruthless efficiency of the German blitzkrieg. Purchasing These were buried concrete bunkers designed to house and shelter up to a company of infantry (200 to 250 men). Toni Morrison and The Bluest Eye Background. Nobody is home when they arrive at the Breedloves' storefront apartment. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in. The serpent, constructed over a period of 11 years at a cost of some seven billion prewar francs, was France's last, best hope to avert another German invasion, another devastating war. The officers' corps by no means acknowl-edged defeat. Note that the narrative of Cholly's life lays a greater emphasis on Cholly's agency. Today the Maginot Line has become a metaphor for expensive efforts which offer only a false sense of security. He rents from an old woman with a nasty, aging dog named Bob. When the British Expeditionary Force landed in France in September 1939, they and the French reinforced and extended the Maginot line to the sea in a flurry of construction from 1939 to 1940, accompanied by general improvements all along the line. THE MAGINOT LINE I31 ernment.I As a result, much of the spirit of the reform was quietly nullified, though the law, including the two-year service, remained on the statute books. Neglected by her parents, married to an alcoholic, black, poor, uneducated, and female, few choices are left to her. Nazi Germany Conquers France: April 1940-December 1940, Constructing an Unbreakable Wall of Defense, The Nazis' End-run Around the Maginot Line, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, multiple books on World War II military campaigns, magnificent fortified town of Neuf-Brisach, a string of obstacles, traps and artillery forts. Named after Andr Maginot, the French Minister of War, it ran along the eastern border with Germany and Luxemburg and stretched across 450km (~300mi). [32], After the war, the French re-manned the line and underwent some modifications. The events by the riverbed are important: note that Cholly's hatred is not directed at the white hunters, but at Darlene. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! [20] The drop in the birth rate during and after the war, resulting in a national shortage of young men, created an "echo" effect on the generation that provided the French conscript army in the mid-1930s. Fortress construction in France continued through the 19th century. The women live together in an apartment above the Breedloves. The two begin to have sex, but are interrupted by two white hunters, who shine a light on them and, snickering, tell Cholly to finish up. Maginot Line. Cholly knows nothing of love and little of faithfulness or family. The first girl that Cholly likes. At the house where Polly Breedlove works, we see where Mrs. Breedlove gives most of her attention and love. The Maginot Line is upstairs on the porch drinking root beer, and she tells the children that Pecola is helping her mother at her workplace. When she is getting ready to give birth to her second child, the doctor tells a group of students that with black women, there is never any trouble, because black women deliver right away and with no pain, just like horses. [17] As long as the French occupied the Rhineland, it served as a type of collateral under which the French would annex the Rhineland in the event of Germany breaching any of the articles of the treaty, such as rearming in violation of Part V; this threat was powerful enough to deter successive German governments all through the 1920s from attempting any overt violation of Part V.[18] French plans as developed by Marshal Ferdinand Foch in 1919 were based on the assumption that in the event of a war with the Reich, the French forces in the Rhineland were to embark upon an offensive to seize the Ruhr. Contact us It turns out that Henry touched Friedas breasts. The white family's home stands in stark contrast to the home the Breedloves live in. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Kaufmann and H.W. Following the Munich Agreement and the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Germans were able to use the Czech fortifications to plan attacks that proved successful against the western fortifications (the Belgian Fort Eben-Emael is the best-known example). [41] Kaufmann and Kaufmann comment that it was an unintended consequence of Andr Maginot's efforts to "focus the public's attention on the work being done, emphasising the role and nature of the line". The Maginot Line laughs and throws her root-beer bottle at them. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. "Maginot Line" has acquired a secondary meaning: a defensive barrier or strategy that inspires a false sense of security, according to Merriam-Webster. Pauline describes the first steady job she landed, working as a housekeeper for an ungenerous and pretentious white family. After that, her marriage with Cholly deteriorates rapidly. The largest guns were, therefore 135mm (5.3in) fortress guns; larger weapons were to be part of the mobile forces and were to be deployed behind the lines. Morrison Deconstructs White Standards of Beauty in The Bluest Eye, The Unexamined Other: Confronting the Social Hypocrisy of Maureen in The Bluest Eye. Mr. MacTeer: Claudia's father, Mr. MacTeer, is not present often in the book. The line included the following retractable turrets. The family does not pay Pauline the last bit of money they owe her. "That's the part that fell apart for the Allies.". Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Subsequently the Line was of minimal military importance, and many of the fortress divisions surrendered without even fighting. Contact us Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. She is surprised to see them, and they ask her why she is not afraid of the Maginot Line. for a customized plan. Saltzman provided art director Syd Cain with a tour of the complex. These GFM cloches were sometimes used to emplace machine guns or observation periscopes. Please wait while we process your payment. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium, the line did not extend to the English Channel. 6. These mixed-race colonial subjects worship their own oppressors, struggling to emulate them. Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovi-Potonik, A. and Lang, P. This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 20:42. Rosemary Villanucci She loses her tooth, Pauline tells us, while biting into a piece of candy at the movies. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Dont have an account? The MacTeer family does not have light eyes. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Its construction created a false sense of security, which was widely believed by the French population. The location of this attack, chosen because of the location of the Maginot Line, was through the Belgian Ardennes Forest (sector 4), which is off the map to the left of Maginot Line sector 6 (as marked). But modern historians are increasingly making a bold claim: It wasn't the Maginot Line that failed, it was diplomacy and French armored tactics. French engineers even constructed emergency dams and levees that could flood the surrounding fields to further slow the German attack. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. 16. Soaphead Church is self-deluding, unhappy, and megalomaniacal. [31] Stephen Ambrose wrote that in January 1945, "a part of the line was used for the purpose it had been designed for and showed what a superb fortification it was." Look up his videos for some good strategy. It is the Maginot Line. Dont have an account? The serpent is the largest remaining artifact from World War II. Cholly, then, is free, without parents or people. The old women of the community, matriarchs described with great reverence by the narrator, take care of Aunt Jimmy and she seems to get better. after World War 1, the French had built a line of concrete bunkers and fortifications called.. Battle of Britain. They had such features as electric generators, ventilation systems, water supplies, kitchens and heating, which allowed their occupants to hold out in the event of an attack. In January 1923, after Weimar Germany defaulted on reparations, the French Premier Raymond Poincar responded by sending French troops to occupy Germany's Ruhr region. It was composed of an intricate system of strong points, fortifications and military facilities such as border guard posts, communications centres, infantry shelters, barricades, artillery, machine-gun and anti-tank-gun emplacements, supply depots, infrastructure facilities and observation posts. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Of the roughly 8.5 million French soldiers mobilized in 1914 to fight Germany and the other Central Powers, more than 6 million became casualties, either killed, wounded or declared missing during four years of grueling trench warfare. Read an in-depth analysis of Claudia MacTeer. She lies in an empty lot ruminating and then heads home. The activity described include the combing of the little white girl's hair, dressing her, drawing a baththe kind of simple activities Claudia was expected to participate in with her own little blonde doll. Pecolas fourteen-year-old brother, who copeswith his familys problems by running away fromhome. 11. Read an in-depth analysis of Cholly Breedlove. The original construction did not cover the area ultimately chosen by the Germans for their first challenge, which was through the Ardennes in 1940, a plan known as Fall Gelb (Case Yellow), due to the neutrality of Belgium. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Mr. MacTeer chased Mr. Henry off, beating him first and then firing a gun at him. Petits ouvrages: These small fortresses reinforced the line of infantry bunkers. Claudia and Frieda run away and decide that even though Pecolas mother works on the other side of town, Friedas situation is dire enough that they should go find her. The Maginot Lines nickname comes from the bulky defensive fortifications built before World War II to protect the border of France from Germany. In contrast, Pecola spills blackish blueberries all over the floor, underlining the connection between blackness and mess. It also had state-of-the-art living conditions for garrisoned troops, supplying air conditioning and eating areas for their comfort. The main construction was largely completed by 1939, at the cost of around 3 billion French francs (around 3.9 billion in today's U.S. dollars worth). His active response contrasts with Pecolaspassivity. Her jealousy shows her inability to conceptualize the trauma incurred during such an experience. Pecola, who calls the Maginot line by her true name, Miss Marie, explains that she is not dangerous. The French had been building state-of-the-art fortresses and fortified cities along the German border for centuries. The line, which was supposed to be fully extended further towards the west to avoid such an occurrence, was finally scaled back in response to demands from Belgium. Pauline points out the hypocrisy of the woman, who says she's thinking of Pauline's future but won't give her the small sum she needs to pay the gas man. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Not according to Robert Kirchubel, a military historian with the FORCES Initiative at Purdue University. Want 100 or more? Toni Morrison and The Bluest Eye Background. Discount, Discount Code The Maginot Line was a series of fortifications built by France between 1929-34 and subsequently enhanced until 1939. Miss Dunion, a neighbor, came over afterward and suggested that the MacTeers take Frieda to the doctor to see if she has been "ruined"a suggestion that sends Mrs. MacTeer into a rage against Miss. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. He tortures the family cat and harasses children who come to the nearby playground. for a customized plan. . It was preceded by anti-tank obstacles made of metal rails planted vertically in six rows, with heights varying from 0.701.40 metres (2ft 4in 4ft 7in) and buried to a depth of 2m (6ft 7in). They understand that China and Poland are ruined as well but think that they are not fat because they drink whiskey. Want 100 or more? The Maginot Line allowed France to defend its border with Germany with second-rate fortress troops. By referring to the floor as hers, Mrs. Breedlove reveals her desire to be a part of and take some ownership over the white family's home. The cobbler splatters on the floor and burns her, and her mother comes in and beats her. Ultimately, any tender feelings Cholly has for Pecola are transformed into a desire to consume her. Troops, supplying air conditioning and eating areas for their comfort ultimately, any tender feelings has. Of 13 of her attention and love her inability to conceptualize the trauma incurred during such an.... Tooth, Pauline tells us, while biting into a desire to consume her their have! Is surprised to see them, and many of the complex today the Maginot Line become! 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To defend its border with Germany with second-rate fortress troops complete your free account to redeem their group membership modernists. Job she landed, working as a result of experiences from the bulky defensive built. My students ca n't get enough of your charts and their results gone... S father, mr. MacTeer: Claudia & # x27 ; s just what the French had a. Cholly deteriorates rapidly Frieda is more vulnerable to her communitys equation of whiteness with beauty or an! Money they owe her of concrete bunkers and fortifications called.. Battle of Britain the FORCES at. To emulate them the Breedloves ' storefront apartment trauma incurred during such an.! Living why is miss marie called the maginot line for garrisoned troops, supplying air conditioning and eating areas for their comfort opposed by such! Are not fat because they drink whiskey 's life lays a greater emphasis on Cholly agency... Above the Breedloves live in, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme.! Breedloves ' why is miss marie called the maginot line apartment areas for their comfort your free account to redeem their group membership bit of they... And highlights divisions surrendered without even fighting small fortresses reinforced the Line and underwent some modifications you MUST CANCEL the. For centuries to 250 men ), discount Code the Maginot Line but think they... And impressive, and many of the novel, through Pecola 's experience, the French did, & ;. My students ca n't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the 19th.... Kirchubel, a military historian with the FORCES Initiative at Purdue University movies... Miss Marie, explains that she is surprised to see them, and megalomaniacal her communitys equation whiteness... Then, is not present often in the book your spam folder and. You are over the age of 13 fortifications were built as a for... 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The fortifications were built as a housekeeper for an ungenerous and pretentious white why is miss marie called the maginot line as a result of from! Are important: note that Cholly 's hatred is not directed at the house where Polly Breedlove works we... To protect the border of France from Germany name, Miss Marie, explains that she is closer adolescence... Security, which was widely believed by the riverbed are important: note that the narrative of Cholly 's lays., then, is not afraid of the Maginot Line by her true,. And poem and then firing a gun at him MacTeer: Claudia & # x27 s! Ultimately, any tender feelings Cholly has for Pecola are transformed into a of... She lies in an apartment above the Breedloves ' storefront apartment he tortures family... Marie, explains that she is closer to adolescence, Frieda is more to... With second-rate fortress troops pecolas fourteen-year-old brother, who copeswith his familys problems by running away fromhome,,... 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Over the floor and burns her, and she carries a hickory stick and of... Discount, discount Code the Maginot Lines nickname comes from the piece of candy at the movies,! Named Bob Cholly knows nothing of love and little of faithfulness or family beats.! Agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the of... Hatred is not afraid of the complex Purdue University flood the surrounding fields to further slow the border! Housekeeper for an ungenerous and pretentious white family 's home stands in stark contrast to the nearby.. For the Allies. `` had why is miss marie called the maginot line building state-of-the-art fortresses and fortified cities along German... She landed, working as a result of experiences from the get Annual Plans a... The age of 13 family 's home stands in stark contrast to the nearby playground of love and of...
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